Several examples of contact task solutions in robotics that are linked with active systems are also presented.
In this paper, techniques will be presented that enable representation of common extendable action knowledge for task solutions in an agent's knowledge base and additionally, algorithms for propagating this knowledge between agents efficiently and with minimum required communication effort.
In total, 44 birds (out of the 50 birds used in the aviary groups) performed 1263 task solutions according to their taught foraging technique.
Solving of the task these birds were not trained on was very rare: it occurred in only 23 of the 2222 task solutions scored across all aviary groups, representing 1.03% of all well openings.
However, this same redundancy may also cause conflict, which, in turn, requires task solutions to be carried out under the guidance of special rules implemented by specialized agents (for examples, see [4], [6], [11], [12]).
When an individual was not seen to solve at least 10 tasks during the third day, we reviewed earlier video recordings and included task solutions on previous days until the focal individual had been observed to solve a task at least 10 times.
The great majority (88%) of individuals in our zebra finch population exploited only the foraging habitat they had been trained on as juveniles; overall, only 1% of all the task solutions we analyzed involved the task not taught to the birds during their training phase.
Hence, any weakness at any nodes in the extended processing network, especially in executive functions coordinating network activities, can lead to catastrophic consequences in task solutions.
This feature not only means that task acquisition is incremental and varied, so potentially reducing the ability to detect group differences, but the lengthy training period may increase the likelihood of unintended task solutions by the rats.
From the videos, we scored the latency (counted in seconds from the start of the experiment, excluding times when the task was being re-baited/not presented) of each bird's first approach within pecking distance of a lid, as well as their first and all subsequent task solutions.
