Moreover, FDRs completed the following tests: (i) The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS ,39 which provides a brief, reliable and valid test of global neuropsychological function that has already been used in SCZ endophenotype research.34 Tests included in the BACS are list learning, digit sequencing, verbal fluency, token motor task, symbol-coding and Tower of London.
MANCOVAs with depression scores as covariate and polynomial contrasts revealed that the age-matched control group performed better than the CS and older subject groups in visual target detection, trail making test, stroop task, digit symbol substitution, block design, object assembly, visual reproduction, spatial memory and similarities.
Symbol search task and digit symbol substitution task (SST, DSS, German version of the WISC-IV).
In the choice reaction-time task, the symbols for the four card suits (hearts, diamonds, spades, and clubs) were shown in color in the four corners of the screen.
In the first, or acquisition, stage of the task, the symbols were paired to form three sets: the 80% stimulus was paired with the 20% stimulus; the 70% stimulus was paired with the 30% stimulus and the 60% stimulus with the 40% stimulus.
To perform complex tasks, neuro-symbols are combined and structured to neuro-symbolic networks.
To the task force, the symbol Ma means mega-annus, or million years.
The independent t-test, after covarying for age, revealed significant impairment in melancholic subjects for the walking task and digit symbol substitution at baseline.
As such, current cognitive status was estimated using a processing speed task, namely, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) (Smith, 1982).
In this task the black symbol was presented superimposed and contained within the red shape such that both were presented at the participant's central fixation point.
The Symbol-symbol comparison task required participants to decide as quickly as possible whether a target pair of non-verbalizable symbols matches any of a set of five comparison pairs.
