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Via a phenomenon called complementary task specialization, an increase in the number of non-English speaking immigrants who specialize in manual labor jobs pushes Americans who speak English but have few other skills into higher paid jobs that require communication.
Eusocial species often exhibit extreme task specialization, which makes colonies potentially very efficient in gathering resources.
Holbrook, C. T., Kukuk, P. F. & Fewell, J. H. Increased group size promotes task specialization in a normally solitary halictine bee.
Second, we review the evidence for gene-mediated task specialization in individual workers, and show how selection on these genes can affect phenotypes at various levels of biological organization.
Of immediate interest will also be whether task specialization mitigates such impact.
With task specialization, some immigrants and natives may not be competing for similar jobs.
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It seems that, as for other task specializations (comb building, guarding and undertaking), few genes influence the performance of hygienic behavior, and they are thus more tightly regulated than caste specialization.
In horses, domestic cats, and dogs two sexes showed oppositely directed task specializations for the forelimb use resembling primates in the tendency for females to be more right-handed and males ― more left-handed [ 20, 22, 23, 26, 61].
Job specialization refers to the number of tasks in a given job and the worker's control over these tasks.
Peri (2012), using three main data sources (U.S. Census, IPUMS & GSP), finds that immigrants promote task efficient specialization in the native country.
This is in line with models that argue for task-dependent specialization of brain regions, and contrasts with the notion of task-independent stimulus selectivity in the reading system.
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