Three task conditions (Covert task, Saccade task and Combined task) were delivered, each consisting of six successive blocks.
A 5 min filler task was delivered between completion of the imagery scenarios and the recognition memory test.
Auditory stimuli (see below) for the cued fear conditioning task were delivered via a speaker (Coulbourn Instruments) mounted approximately 20 cm above the contexts.
An imagery-based CBM-I task was delivered to participants in one of four conditions, where the valence of imagined scenarios were either positive or negative, and the ambiguity of the scenario was either present (until the last word/s) or the ambiguity was absent (emotional valence was evident from the start).
The order in which these tasks were delivered was balanced across participants.
Tasks were delivered using the E-Prime 1.2 software programme (Psychological Software Tools).
Questionnaires measures and all experimental tasks were delivered on a PC with a high resolution 15 inch monitor using E-Prime software (Version 2.0, Psychology Software Tools, Pittsburgh, PA, USA).
Second, such rise-to-threshold models have been used successfully in a variety of choice tasks, not just in random-dots tasks 'when information is delivered slowly.' But if 'ramping' is understood simply as an increase in motor planning activity, then the classic ramping associated with saccades is indeed very quick, on the order of 200 ms (Science 274 427, 1996; Neuron 76:616, 2012).
However, the real proof of having a good understanding of the division operation is delivered by Task 2, where the students had to solve 594 ÷ 6 without using the division algorithm.
In one task, reward was delivered in 100% of trials, and in the other task, reward was delivered in 90% of trials.
