Exact(2)
To test the hypothesis that essential genes are differentially required to maintain a similar level of growth, we titrated down the growth rate of E. coli using either antisense PNA or expressed antisense and determined mRNA levels of the targeted essential gene.
In practice, however, constructing Boolean network models from biological data typically requires a significant amount of manual efforts through repetitive modeling and checking processes; models are commonly revised iteratively until they conform with targeted essential behavior of biological systems [ 57- 60].
Similar(58)
Low-power smart jamming takes a step further by targeting essential uplink control channels.
Since loss of essential genes is uniformly toxic in CRISPR-based screens, we also developed a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) library targeting essential genes.
It comprises brief assessments designed to target essential functions that are required for safe driving including: vision; cognition; and motor skills.
Moreover, inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) that targets essential autophagy gene ATG5 abrogated the ATPR-induced cell differentiation.
For example, miR-495 functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting essential leukemia-related genes in MLL-rearranged leukemia (Jiang et al., 2012) and by down-regulating cyclin-dependent kinase 6 in glioblastoma multiforme cells (Chen et al., 2013).
Often this is initiated by secreted toxins that mimic host proteins and functions, and usually target essential and well conserved molecules or signaling pathways.
Antibiotics target essential bacterial physiology and biochemistry, causing microbial cell death or the cessation of growth.
Mutations conferring resistance to antibiotics target essential genes which may tolerate mutations poorly.
Interestingly, most currently-available antibiotics target essential fundamental bacterial processes including metabolism.
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