Many fungicides target electron transfer enzymes because these are often important for cell function.
We hypothesized that targeting electron flux to H2 can be a fruitful approach to increasing flux to ethanol.
This mechanism is essentially identical to that induced by metformin, which also targets electron transport in complex 1 of mitochondria and in this way activates AMPK [ 69].
It may be suspected therefore that its presently measured effect namely attenuation of phosphorylation of rpS6 may be mediated by targeting electron transport in mitochondria.
In the present study we observed that exposure of A549 cells to the classic cationic mitochondrial probe Rh123, which also targets electron transport chain and monitors mitochondrial electrochemical potential ΔΨm [ 56, 57], led to reduction of rpS6 phosphorylation (Fig. 6).
In this work, SrTiO3 has been irradiated with various ion species over a wide range of ion fluences at room temperature with a goal to deposit different amounts of energy to target electrons and atomic nuclei by varying the ratio of electronic to nuclear energy loss.
As the incident ion passes through a solid, energy is lost via interactions with target nuclei (nuclear energy loss (Sn)) and target electrons (electronic energy loss (Se)) [13].
These variations can be explained by the combined variation of sputtering at the target, electron temperature and electron density.
The bandwidths of the interference filters in the polychromator are designed for reliable measurements within the target electron temperature range.
The target electron temperature and the density are 10 200 eV and 5 × 1018 m−3, respectively which are extrapolated from the data of triple Langmuir probes measuring the edge plasma parameters at R = 0.75 m by assuming a parabolic density profile.
