Additionally, NSPc1/PCGF1 is functionally targeted by phosphorylation: a synthetic phosphomutant GAL4-DBD-NSPc1 no longer transcriptionally represses a GAL4-LUC reporter [ 48].
The regulatory domain of hTH is targeted by phosphorylation at serine 19, 31 and 40 by various kinases, such as PKA, PKC CaMPKII, PKG, MPK, ERK which results in increased stability and/or activity [ 44].
In Gli2P1-4, the four Serine residues targeted by PKA phosphorylation are replaced with Alanine; therefore, it can no longer be phosphorylated by PKA (Fig. 4B).
Using MS analysis, we uncovered the tau epitopes that were potentially targeted by LRRK2 phosphorylation.
In contrast, Bim, a proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member that can bind to and neutralize Mcl-1, is targeted by ERK phosphorylation for proteasome-dependent degradation.
Elk-1 (Ets-like protein 1) is a member of a group of proteins called ternary complex factors (TCF), which are targeted by MAPKs for phosphorylation [1 3] to regulate the transcription of immediate early genes (IEG) [4, 5].
HER signaling pathways can also be targeted by inhibiting receptor phosphorylation by intracellular tyrosine kinases [ 36].
Although p73 is also targeted by Chk2 for phosphorylation, unlike p53, accumulation of p73 after DNA damage is primarily mediated by the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl.
Western blotting for RelA-P-Ser536 revealed that P6, not DM, was a substrate for IKKβ in vitro, confirming the peptide targeted by IKK for phosphorylation, and is not an IKK inhibitor (Fig. 1D).
Whole-cell input controls from the RelA immunoprecipitation proved that, in the presence of P6 or DM, TNF-α promotes healthy IKK activation, as shown by phosphorylated IKKα/β and degradation of the IKK substrate, IκBα (Fig. 1F), confirming that P6 is targeted by IKK for phosphorylation and does not impair IKK activation.
Molecular evidence indicated that the cytoskeleton is targeted by arsenite and that phosphorylation of the Snf1p kinase is required for cadmium tolerance.
