For risk assessment, this definition of "exposure" has been applied primarily to the individual or human population as a target of exposure, and to a chemical as an agent of exposure; however, the target of exposure can be an organ, tissue, or cell, and the agent of exposure can be a biological, physical, or psychosocial stressor or the by-product of a given exposure agent.
The results suggested that the kidney may be a main target organ of exposure to nano-TiO2 through different routes into the body.
These findings suggest that pyruvate dehydrogenase that converts pyruvate to acetyl-coenzyme A was not the primary target of METH exposure.
In addition to xenobiotic metabolism genes [81], [82], [83] and cell-cycle genes [25], [27], [65], [84], we found down-regulation of genes involved in fin regeneration, recently identified as an important target of dioxin exposure [85], [86], as well as regulation of extracellular matrix genes, also a known dioxin target [86], [87].
This indicates for the first time that NRF1 is a novel target of iAs3+ exposure.
DNA is the most significant target of radiation exposure for survival and carcinogenesis.
The biological target of the exposure must be considered, and the relevant developmental trajectory of the target organ or system must be at least partially understood.
The blood/bone marrow system is one of the largest organs in the body and is an important potential target of chemical exposure, in particular, chemotherapeutic agents.
If the primary target of chronic exposure and toxicity is the liver, the second most prevalent target is the kidneys, followed by the reproductive organs, the brain, hematopoietic tissues, and bone.
The obesogen concept, which highlights the vulnerability of the fetal and childhood periods of life in which tissue and organ development take place, suggests that AT development could be a specific target of POP exposure (Barouki et al. 2012).
As a target of environmental exposure, the germline meets a double risk, of compromising the reproduction capacity of the exposed individual and transmitting possible damage to the following generation.
