The target constrained auction is characterized by an all or nothing rule, where there is no payout if the target is not met.
We find that rent seeking and average cost in the target constrained auction is less than in a budget constrained auction, but that efficiency eroded in repeated rounds suggesting learning effects as participants realize there is no budget cap.
We use experimental economics methods benchmarked to a wetlands restoration case study to examine bidder behavior and efficiency in both budget constrained and target constrained auctions when landowners with increasing marginal costs can offer increasing sized bundles of wetland acres.
Since HIV-1 proteins other than p24 may also contain functionally and structurally constrained regions, we investigated if there is a general correlation between the relative hazard of HLA alleles and the tendency to target constrained parts of the HIV-1 proteome.
Efficiency is not a strong criterion, since only subtle gains are observed for methods that target constrained representations, such as closed and maximal representations.
We find that all Hfq-associated sRNAs forming part of single-input modules in the E. coli K-12 sRNA interaction network are core (GcvB, RyhB, DsrA, OxyS, SsrS, RybB), suggesting that interaction with multiple targets constrains the evolution of these sRNAs.
The size of these target populations constrains the viability of an ideal public health perspective to reduce AD prevalence based on a scalable approach, with interventions first targeting risk factors and then pharmacologic treatment in a highly selected group of individuals [ 9].
Given the risk of virus escape mutants, engineering antibodies that target mutationally constrained epitopes with therapeutically relevant potencies can be valuable for combating future outbreaks.
We found that for the unimpaired speakers, the gender of the target word constrained the error committed, while this was not the case for the AD patients.
The involvement of users in the formulation of the 2-degree target to constrain climate change (cf. Hare and Meinshausen (2004); Meinshausen et al. (2009) or Randalls (2010)) is a milestone since it originates in users' needs and subsequently defines the bounding conditions.
