Malignant lesions often show peripheral washout of contrast on delayed contrast-enhanced images and a target appearance, with the rim appearing hypodense relative to the center.
Hypervascular metastatic lesions may show a target appearance on delayed phase, with the rim appearing hypointense relative to the centre.
During the oscillation process, a target appearance was seen at some instance.
Therefore, the proposed method can simultaneous capture target appearance changes and alleviate the drifting problem.
In each TMS trial six TMS pulses (10 Hz, 120% rMT) were applied from target appearance, which implied the last pulse occurred just before target disappearance.
Conversely, in the overlap trials, persistence of the fixation point during onset of the peripheral target promotes fixation-related neural activity after target appearance, causing slower saccade latencies54.
Finally, we tested for Non-predictive coding separately for two groups, which differed in how soon they initiated their movements after target appearance.
After each trial, gaze data was drift-corrected on each trial based on the median coordinates recorded in the last 300 ms prior to target appearance.
With the exception of a single participant (open diamond), the rTMS effect was shown by participants initiating within 0.4 s of target appearance.
The collaboration of these two models achieves a good balance in handling occlusion and target appearance change, which are two contradictory challenging factors in visual tracking.
Movement initiation was defined as the sample (until the fingertip was displaced 5 mm relative to the position at target appearance) at which the forward fingertip velocity last passed through the threshold on 5% of the maximal forward velocity achieved from target appearance to trial offset.
