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Table 1 Simulation parameters Parameter Value Channel bandwidth 20 MHz Channel model EPA, EVA, ETU (ITU models) Channel tap model Jakes No. of Tx antennas 1 No. of Rx antennas 1 Frame structure Type II (TDD CFOO introduced 2.06 (×15 KHz) CP type Normal.
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Thus, the equi-spaced taps allow the estimator to capture most of the multipath energy present in the propagation model, while the additional tap models close-in multipath with only the added complexity of having one more variable.
The most simple and used channel estimation model is the single-tap model.
The periodic-tap model is represented in the example of Figure 3 considering six taps.
Since the taps' delays are in positions to be determined, this model is hereafter called the arbitrary-tap model.
In order to derive a low-complexity time-delay estimator, the periodic-tap model is first selected.
Thus, the JML estimation using the periodic-tap model and the novel hybrid-tap model exploits the LTE performance with a notable improvement with respect to the JML estimation using the single-tap model (i.e. matched filter or correlator), achieving a promising accuracy in usual working conditions.
The discrete CIR of the periodic-tap model is h PT m = ∑ k = 0 L − 1 h k · sinc m − k − τ, (9).
In [8, 9], the limits to the Gaussian wire-tap model in ensuring secure communications were pushed further by the introduction of a relay in the communication system.
Our work here is also motivated by the fact that the MIMO wire-tap model is also insecure when the eavesdropper incurs as little noise as the destination.
As it shown in Figure 3, the arbitrary-tap model is represented, in that case, by matching the Lc propagation taps at delay positions τc,k.
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