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As the medial cortical surface contains largely tangential sources, their impact on the surface EEG is unlikely to be crucial.
As MEG is sensitive only to tangential sources located predominantly in the fissural cortex [51], there is a possibility that a source with an exclusive radial orientation, not seen in MEG, might also show progressive amplitude increases associated with the temporal summation of pain.
For extended sources, selective cancellation of MEG and EEG signals generated by tangential sources may occur (Ahlfors et al. 2010; Eulitz et al. 1997; Freeman et al. 2009).
Using single equivalent current dipole (ECD) approach on simulated EEG/MEG and electrical median nerve stimulation data, Fuchs et al. 1998 suggested that deep sources mainly contribute to EEG data while superficial and tangential sources contribute mainly to MEG data.
The two similar distributions in each case are likely to be mainly due to tangentially oriented sources, which generated similar signal patters rotated by 90° with respect to each other, whereas a radial source generates a signal pattern that is qualitatively different from that from the tangential sources.
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Overall, the present results agree with the commonly held view that an important difference between MEG and EEG is that MEG is mainly sensitive to the tangential source components only, whereas EEG is sensitive to all components.
The possible orientation pairs contained all possible combinations between 50 regularly spaced orientations at both ends of the connection that spanned the tangential source space with respect to a sphere centered at the center of the brain.
The relative magnitude of the MEG signal generated by a radial and a tangential source at the same location was examined experimentally by Melcher and Cohen (1988), who found that the signals differed by a factor of about 6 for several locations in the rabbit brain.
Four ad-hoc functional constraints, two sub-cortical (FS14 at brainstem and FS16 at thalamic level) and two cortical (FS20 radial and FS22 tangential parietal sources), were used to extract the activity of successive stages of somatosensory information processing in response to the separate left and right median nerve electric stimulation.
The technique has been extensively tested in many applications (see [58] [59] for reviews) and has been shown to do an excellent job of recovering both radial and tangential neural sources [58].
Either one or two tangential target sources were placed into the model sphere.
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