Damage evolution parameters for normal and tangential interaction are scrutinized through dedicated fatigue tests in pure tensile and shear directions.
Previous studies have focused on elastic Winkler foundations, wherein the tangential interaction between the bottom of the beam and the foundation is not considered.
Here we solve the Mindlin problem for the rod model, i.e., derive the tangential interaction of initially compressed particles when a relative displacement takes place.
However, the Pasternak model does not consider the tangential interaction between the bottom of the beam and the foundation; hence, the beam under inclined loads cannot be considered in the model.
In this study, a series of horizontal springs is diverted to the face between the bottom of the beam and the foundation to address the limitation of the Pasternak model, which tends to disregard the tangential interaction between the beam and the foundation.
The dynamic response of an infinite Euler Bernoulli beam resting on an elastic foundation, which considers the tangential interaction between the beam and foundation under harmonic line loads, is developed in this study in the form of a closed-form solution.
We introduce a continuous and gradual hopper filling method, a more realistic normal-tangential interaction between the particles, particle size polydispersity, and the model is extended from two to three dimensions (3D).
The complexity of these traction distributions results from the fact that, generally, each contact spot contains stick and slip zones with various boundary conditions defined by the previous tangential contact interaction forces.
Normal displacement and non-Coulomb friction were caused by tangential fretting scar interactions between protrusions and depressions formed by material transfer.
We measured the tangential and normal interaction forces between the finger and contactor using an instrumented lateral vibrotactile display.
