The flow of proppant-laden fluid in the fracture is assumed to be incompressible Newtonian fluid and can be resolved as a tangential component along the cohesive element walls and a normal component across the cohesive element walls, respectively.
These structures seem to be associated with tangential neuronal elements having boutons in the distal lamina neuropil.
The need to define physical quantities on this geometric representation has led to development of sets of basis functions that need to satisfy constraints at the boundaries of the elements/tessellations (viz., continuity of normal or tangential components across element boundaries).
For the same amount of work in separating surfaces of soft solids, the forces normal and tangential to an element of a cutting blade are determined by the local velocities of the material past the cutting edge, in particular by the ratio ξ of 'slice' to 'push' velocities.
Tangential induction factor.
The mathematical formulation accounted for tangential motions of rolling elements as well as inner and outer races with the sources of nonlinearity such as Hertzian contact force, geometrical imperfections, i.e. surface waviness and radial internal clearance, resulting transition from no-contact to contact state between rolling elements and the races.
Finally, Jensen et al. (2008) also concluded that some of the 'r1' derivatives aggregate caudally at the supragenual or B4 cell group; this would necessarily imply a tangential migration of 'r1' elements into r5 r6, for which we did not see any support in our developmental analysis.
All the interneurons, except the wide-field elements (amacrines and tangential neurons), are readily distinguished and morphological counterparts have been identified in other fly species [2], [12], [76] that have been reasoned to be evolutionary homologues [77].
We extend the GNBC to surfaces with complex geometry by including its weak form along different normal and tangential directions in the finite element formulation.
First, an analytical model based on the variational principle is derived for calculating the radial and tangential stiffness of the flexible element, and then the generalized formulation of the integral flexible structure is obtained by considering force equilibrium and compatible deformation.
