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The same concept applies to other clinical scenarios like dealing with a narrow and or deep femoral notch which would alter the femoral drilling angle requiring even more tangential drilling, once again compounding the potential range and variability of aperture dimensions and increasing the risk of injuring the medial femoral condyle and cartilage (Wang et al. 2012).
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It is generally considered that the tangential velocity of drilling fluid is generated near drillpipe surface with drillpipe rotation.
Pipe rotation can significantly increase the tangential velocity of drilling fluid, which generates the drag force along the tangential direction, and the force can restrain cuttings bed development to some extent.
However, due to the reduction of tangential velocity of drilling fluid, the drag force acting on cuttings gradually becomes less and some cuttings can not be effectively transported into main flow field.
The CFD simulations show that pipe rotation makes cuttings presented in asymmetric distribution along the wellbore and significantly improves the drag effects on drilling fluid in the tangential direction.
Lower cuttings concentration near drillpipe are presented, which indicates that drilling fluid can obtain high tangential velocity under the drillpipe rotation, and cuttings are suspended by high drag force and transported by axial fluid flow.
When strains are assumed to be small, this allows one to propose an explicit definition of the drilling couples which is proportional to tangential components of the deviation vector.
In addition, decreasing drilling fluid temperature reduces the pore pressure and tangential effective stress but increases the radial effective stress, both of which are beneficial to wellbore stability.
Drilling a borehole in the ground causes stress perturbation and induces tangential stresses on the borehole wall.
The results show that increasing the solute concentration of drilling fluid reduces the pore pressure but increases the radial and tangential effective stress.
Therefore, increase in the drilling mud pressure causes an increase in radial stress and a decrease in the tangential stress around the wellbore wall.
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