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These data support a model in which MDA5 uses long dsRNA as a signaling platform to cooperatively assemble the core filament, which in turn promotes stochastic assembly of the tandem CARD oligomers for signaling.
The challenger bank says it is also working on a second Tandem card, which I understand will be a debit not credit card, and therefore act more like a current account.
We further show that MDA5 uses direct protein-protein contacts to stack along dsRNA in a head-to-tail arrangement, and that the signaling domain (tandem CARD), which decorates the outside of the core MDA5 filament, also has an intrinsic propensity to oligomerize into an elongated structure that activates the signaling adaptor, MAVS.
The N-terminal tandem CARD domains are required for interaction with the MAVS CARD domain and downstream signaling.
RIG-I and MDA5, but not LGP2, harbor N-terminal tandem CARD domains that are crucial for triggering type-I IFN production.
The unique roles of RIG-I tandem CARD domains was partially deciphered when it was shown that CARD1 is required for TRIM25 binding while CARD2 serves as a target for TRIM25 mediated ubiquitination.
Similar(53)
The CARD of Card9 (residues 6-100), tandemndem CARDs of NOD2 (residues 28-215) and the RIP2 CARD (residues 432-534) were amplified by PCR and inserted, using Gateway® cloning, into the expression plasmid pDEST-HisMBP [23].
Assembly of the MAVS filament is mediated by its CARD domain (CARDMAVS), and requires its interaction with the tandem CARDs of RIG-I (2CARDRIG-I).
For example, over-expression of the tandem CARDs of RIG-I alone induce IFN independently of the presence of viral RNA, suggesting that the CARDs mediate IPS-1 activation and downstream signaling [10].
RIG-I contains two tandem CARDs at its N-terminal region, with a repressor domain in its C-terminal region.
N-terminal duRIG-I, in which residues 1 244 encode the tandem CARDs alone, without the ATP binding site, was constructed.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com