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Robert H. Brockhaus, "Risk taking propensity of entrepreneurs".
These include need for achievement, locus of control, and risk taking propensity of the individual.
Brockhaus (1980), for example, concluded that "risk taking propensity may not be a distinguishing characteristic of entrepreneurs".
The Maryland Resource for the Behavioral Utilization of the Reinforcement of Negative Stimuli (MRBURNS) is a novel behavioral task designed to measure individual differences in negative reinforcement-based risk taking propensity.
Ability to do work creatively, with high risk taking propensity" (Birley 1985, p. 110) or entrepreneurial orientation "….provision of an environment that encourages creative works and working creatively" (Tang et al. 2008, p. 221).
Psychological Characteristics (7-point Likert scale from 1 = "I completely disagree" to 7 = "I completely agree") Risk Taking Propensity: I am willing to take high risks for high returns.
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Furthermore, entrepreneurs are characterized by self-efficacy, higher internal locus of control, the need for autonomy, need to achieve, perseverance, the ability to find and explore the opportunity, risk-taking propensity, innovation, ambiguity tolerance and vision (Deakins and Freel 2009; Singal 2009; Olomi 2009).
Risk-taking propensity was assessed by taking two items taken from Miller and Friesen (1982).
Table 2 Direct, indirect, and total effects Effect Total Direct Indirect Risk-taking propensity Opportunity recognition.30**.30** Innovation.09 .09 Sustainability.14 .14 Entrepreneurial intensity Opportunity recognition.42**.42** Innovation.13 .13 Sustainability.19 .19 *p < .05; **p < .01.01
Risk-taking propensity refers to a tendency to take or avoid risks.
On the one hand, U.S. students have a higher risk-taking propensity than the Turkish sample.
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