On the favoured reading (on which the proposition Homer might have believed is non-trivial), (13) provides a counterexample to the proposed rule that names take scope over metaphysical modals (there might, of course, be a more complex rule in play that can explain both judgments viz. that names take scope over metaphysical modals unless doing so will cause them to scope over an attitude verb).
There are two ways of accommodating these higher-order arguments by means of argument raising: depending on whether one raises first the object argument and then the subject, or vice versa, one obtains two readings for one and the same syntactic derivation: a reading corresponding to the surface order, with ∀ taking scope over ∃, and a reading with the inverted scope order.
The study scope takes into account the demand side, distribution and supply side where biomass CHP (combined heat and power) plant is selected as main supply source.
In the epistemic reading, the non-root modal takes wide scope over the perfect aspect, and in the metaphysical reading, the scope relation is exactly the reverse.
(70) is ambiguous between one where 'a book by Chomsky' takes wide scope over 'every man who reads' and one where it takes narrow scope.
On the first reading, the world-quantifier takes wide scope.
On the second, the bachelor-quantifier takes wide scope and the world variable is unbound.
The first is that the negation in a negative existential takes wide scope, applying to the whole sub-sentence and not just the predicate.
A simple thesis, known as the Lockean thesis, says that one should believe a proposition A just in case one's degree of belief for A is sufficiently high ('should' takes wide scope over 'just in case').
In case of a GeoUnicast header, a slightly more complex procedure takes link scope and the relation between the position of the source and the available GVLs into account.
