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How do these factors affect the item difficulty across test takers with different proficiencies?
How do these factors affect the item difficulty across test takers with different proficiencies? .
In addition, in order to guard against unrepresentativeness within each group, we used an equal number of test takers with different characteristics of gender to facilitate comparisons.
We analysed the collected data against to answer three research questions: (1) whether the item difficulty can be controlled using the investigated factors, (2) which factor contributes the most to item difficulty and, (3) how these factors affect the item difficulty across test takers with different proficiency.
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DIF analyses, especially when there are several different sub-groups of test-takers, with potentially different characteristics, should not be overlooked.
Interestingly, this lack of agency has now been observed in two very different contexts (ESL vs. EFL) and with different test takers (a variety of mainly Asian nationals taking the test for immigration purposes vs. Japanese high achieving undergraduates).
However, this tendency is not retained when the same analysis was conducted with different proficiency-based groups of test takers (the third research question).
First, we explored the differences between the PD of test takers attending different school types.
For instance, test takers took different goals into consideration to integrate the graphic referents with graphic functions in the graph.
Skills are measured preferably with a computer-based multiple item adaptive test, which drives test takers through different test paths depending on their performance on previous test items.
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