For the hearer, taking the utterance as informative, means, by default, to update his credence in the proposition as a response to the utterance, both in the upwards direction and to a level above 0.5.
If the system does not have information about the identity of the user, we take the first user utterance as neutral assuming that he is not placing the telephone call already in a negative emotional state.
That is, counterfactual attitudes do not have parenthetical uses even though they are also representational attitudes; they always take the main point status in utterances.
These new calls from academics should encourage all to take the Secretary of State's every utterance on standards with a large pinch of salt".
In Iraq, discerning what people think is a diviner's art, since people everywhere learned years ago to tailor their conversations with foreigners, and even with family and friends, to the prescriptions they take from the utterances of Mr. Hussein.
Take the case of "Apollo", which on this view has no referent when uttered in a real, non-fictional context of utterance.
For the epistemic reading, because the modal scopes immediately under the outermost PRES ent), it takes the speaker's utterance time, contributed by PRES, as the temporal perspective.
As we have seen, contextualism, as typically conceived, takes the truth of utterances such as "S knows that p" to be determined by the attributer's standards employed at the time of the utterance.
Take Socrates' utterance of 'Socrates utters a falsehood', where Socrates utters nothing else.
In contrast to the language-specific contention, it is possible that the encoding of the sentence mood is not implemented incrementally by virtue of the special mood marker function, which takes the complete proposition of an utterance as its argument in the semantic structure.
