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Studies on decision making under ambiguity take probability expectations one step further.
In QRA for life safety in case of fire, one of the key research challenges to take probability into account is the complexity of the different submodels.
The Dirichlet process and its extension, the Pitman Yor process, are stochastic processes that take probability distributions as a parameter.
Cyclophosphamide also enhanced the take probability of i.m. implanted tumour cells.
The hypothesis proposes that lethally irradiated (LI) tumour cells enhance the take probability of a small number of transplanted viable (V) tumour cells mixed with them by exerting a thromboplastic effect at the site of injection; local fibrin formation prevents emigration of V cells from the site or secures their survival there.
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Notable exceptions are Suppes (1970), who takes probability to be a feature of a model of a scientific theory; and Skyrms (1980), who understands the relevant probabilities to be the subjective probabilities of a certain kind of rational agent.
The next parametric probability model under consideration is the discrete multinomial model which takes probability mass only on a finite number of points on the interval (0,1).
A more complex approach to stratum definition which takes probability and public health consequence into account to monitor foreign substance levels in imported food of animal origin was described by Breidenbach et al. (2004).
Instead of taking probabilities for granted, as von Neumann and Morgenstern do, Savage (1972) defines them in terms of preference.
Other interpretations are "subjectivist," taking probabilities to be measures of "degrees of belief," perhaps evidenced in behavior in situations of risk by choices of available lotteries over outcomes.
Some interpretations are "objectivist," taking probabilities to be, possibly, frequencies of outcomes, or idealized limits of such frequencies or perhaps measures of "dispositions" or "propensities" of outcomes in specified test situations.
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