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Natural compounds biosynthesized by this pathway show great diversity in structure, size (e.g., octa-, decand andodecaketideseshapehape (from tricyclic to various tetracyclic or pentacyclic compounds), and decoration (e.g., by saccharide moieties) added by post-PKS tailoring steps.
These enzymes provide a new opportunity to engineer natural product diversity by exploiting CPs to increase substrate promiscuity for the tailoring steps.
The absence of mAcpE, implicated in the last steps of pseudomonic acid production [16], but an extra module (KS and ACP) in TmpB, suggests that all late tailoring steps may happen on TmpB (Figure 5).
Using a fourth plasmid, we demonstrate how the tailoring steps downstream of the synthesis of 6d-EB and EB might be easily modified.
The final two tailoring steps, hydroxylation of C-12 by EryK hydroxylase (17), and methylation the 3′-OH of mycarose by EryG methyltransferase lead to the final product erythromycin A (18) (Fig. 1).
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One tailoring step in the biosynthesis is predicted to be post-polyketide synthase (PKS) modification, which seems to be catalysed by putative cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, MakC2 and/or MakC3.
Finally, SB15004 produced an amount of 1 similar to that in the S. amphibiosporus wild-type strain, indicating that the LtmK-catalyzed tailoring step from 14 to 1 was not rate-limiting in 1 biosynthesis.
Similarly, HCD spectra require tailored steps for deisotoping, deconvolution and even rescoring of the high mass accuracy spectra (Savitski et al. 2010).
For patients in either treatment condition, the final phase of the programme offers individually tailored stepped-down care aiming at relapse prevention, maintaining and further enhancing the gains made in mentalizing capacity, and stimulating further rehabilitative change and reintegration into society.
SpnP catalyzes the final tailoring step, transferring forosamine from a TDP- d-forosamine donor substrate to a spinosyn pseudoaglycone acceptor substrate.
Tailoring the step goals according to the individual's baseline activity was chosen rather than using general goals such as taking 10,000 steps per day [ 26].
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