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In situ oxygen uptake rates were measured at the tailings surface every third day, prior to sampling.
The conventional rehabilitation of tailings involves the placement of a soil cover on the tailings surface, which may have limited bearing capacity, making placement of the cover problematic.
In weathered tailings, oxidation of sulphide minerals typically results in the formation of abundant ferric-bearing secondary precipitates near the tailings surface.
Reductive dissolution reactions, resulting from the addition of the organic-carbon covers, may remobilize metals previously attenuated near the tailings surface.
Reliance is often placed on the strengthening of the tailings surface due to desiccation crusting to provide sufficient bearing capacity to support a cover and the equipment used to place it.
The actual mass of metals that can be released by this mechanism will depend on a number of site-specific characteristics, particularly the intensity of the reducing conditions established near the tailings surface.
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The material coordinate system (Figure 2a) focuses on a particle that occupies position X from a datum (X = 0) located at the tailings upper surface at time t = 0.
Community compositions clustered distinctly according to HRE, except for tailings pond surface water samples (TP_surface) and the CBM samples, which clustered together.
Relative to metagenomes CG8, 10PW, and CG13 from CBM water and oil field water samples with R-scores from 0.96 to 0.59, metagenomes PDSYNTPW5, CO182, and CO183 for samples from tailings pond surface water and CBM cuttings samples with R-scores from −0.36 to −0.49 had a higher frequency of genes for aerobic and a lower frequency of genes for anaerobic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation, respectively.
Yet, we need to admit that it is still challenging worldwide to stabilize surface tailings, particularly those of base metal mines, at a reasonable cost, even if a safe geotechnical structure is achieved.
We infer that the contents of NH4 +-N may be higher at deeper positions due to the cumulative effect, and that a part of NH4 +-N in the surface tailings has been transferred into aquatic environments by rain wash.
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