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In this paper we review alternative tailings management methods that aim to improve environmental, social and economic outcomes.
Tailings management methods have advanced significantly in recent years, guided through the publication of numerous global and regionally-relevant guidelines and standards.
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In a 2011 BBC report on alleged pollution in the area surrounding Grasberg, the company says that the tailings management method was chosen because studies showed the environmental impact caused by its waste material was reversible.
The Stratoni Mines complex is located in the Chalkidiki region of Greece and has developed an innovative method of tailings management using large-scale geotextile tubes for the dewatering of tailings fines and minewater sludge.
Additionally, all leaching tests results (batch test, acid neutralization analysis, selective dissolution, tank leaching test and weathering cell test) indicated that risks of metals release from tailings-based mortars are minor and their reuse as surface finishing renders may constitute a sustainable alternative method for efficient tailings management.
(b Continuous disposal means a method of uranium byproduct material or tailings management and disposal in which uranium byproduct material or tailings are dewatered by mechanical methods immediately after generation.
(f Phased disposal means a method of uranium byproduct material or tailings management and disposal which uses lined impoundments which are filled and then immediately dried and covered to meet all applicable Federal standards.
The results place this recycled BPT material as a promising candidate for barrier design while reducing the amount of waste to be managed and the cost of surface tailings management.
These characteristics provide benefits over conventionally disposed tailings with respect to tailings management.
"The tailings management facility is one of the most visually significant impacts," Sangster conceded.
A 2009 report by the company says it utilises levees to contain tailings in the deposition area, and that the tailings management programme costs Freeport McMoRan $15.5m£12.7m7m) each year.
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