Indeed, ever since the first crude tabulation of vital statistics in Colonial America, blacks have been sicker and died younger than whites.
Though useful for determining associations among causes of death, causal sequences and patterns of diseases (see for instance Redelings et al. 2007), contributory causes of death are however rarely considered in the tabulation of mortality statistics, though death is often the result of a combination of causes, especially at older ages.
Besides tabulation of summary statistics (mean, SD, counts, proportions, etc), visualisation is an effective tool for exploring data and results.
International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision, (ICD-9) codes, which are used for billing, insurance, and documentation in EHRs, as well as for tabulation of clinical statistics and quality analyses, were used as surrogates for the presence of co-morbid conditions.
The tabulation of COD statistics are based on the underlying COD, which has been defined as (1) the disease or injury that initiated the train of morbid events leading directly to death or (2) the circumstances of the accident or violence which produced the fatal injury (see WHO, 1 page 23).
Data manipulation, tabulations of descriptive statistics, and statistical modeling and inference were performed using SAS Version 9.1.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).
Cross tabulation, χ statistics, and Fisher exact test were applied for comparing frequencies of different variables.
In one of the more unpleasant portents of the times, the Office of Vital Statistics in 1961 initiated a national tabulation of congenital malformations, with the explanatory comment that these statistics would provide needed data about the incidence of such malformations and the circumstances under which they occur.
Comparison between actual observed and estimated indications for ILRs was performed by means of cross-tabulation and Kappa statistics for measurements of agreement between indications according to physician practice and guidelines.
The tabulation of costs begins anew each year.
In this case, the controversy is over the slow tabulation of ballots, he said.
