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But for the frequent attacking users, the punishment is cumulative, and the period for cumulative punishment can be described as T accumupenalty = ∑ i = 1 η i T penalty, i = { 1, 2, … } (18).
Three parameters have to be chosen here: B: number of bootstraps t: penalty parameter π cut : cut-off value for the definition of neighborhood In our study, we investigated the influence of these parameters for different sample sizes in a study based on simulated data as described earlier.
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T-penalty = penalty for traits The results are shown in Table 4 and its comparison with Table 1 obviously shows that forbidding some matings, especially based on T penalties, prevented us from finding better solutions for the average inbreeding coefficients (by about 0.1% in terms of probability) and conversely, generated lower values for T-penalties (by 0.04).
T-penalty = penalty for traits Table 3 presents the Normandy version of Table 2.
The average T-penalty could be reduced by about 50 60% in both breeds, in comparison to the average T-penalty of the allowed (already highly selected) matings, a fact likely to interest breeders.
Optimisation was almost ineffective in herds 2 on the number of faults but succeeded in reducing by half the average T-penalty as expected.
The T-penalty for an individual mating considers the EBV for some traits, in comparison with desirable values where the desirability function might be cow-dependent.
Like in Holstein, optimisation was almost ineffective for the number of faults but succeeded in reducing by half the average T-penalty.
Optimisation was conducted over 230 temperatures for the Holstein breed and 270 temperatures for the Normandy breed, constraining the relative reductions for the F-penalty and the T-penalty to be the same.
For case 1, the T-penalty for mating ij (cow i mated to sire j) is defined by T i j = D i j − (D i j ) min σ (D i j ) where the minimum and the standard deviation were obtained by considering the whole mating set (number of matings = number of sires * number of females).
To define the T-penalty, the obvious heterogeneity of requests (between cases and within case 2) must be circumvented by using a homogeneous penalty system, otherwise, during the ASA process, more attention will be paid to matings involving cows with more variable T-penalties, inducing an involuntary preferential treatment of these cows.
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