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As the weight fraction of LC increased in the systems, the activation energy of crystallization, ΔGc, was minimal at ∼15°C, indicating that the nucleation of LC in the LC/DT2287 systems is at its fastest rate around this temperature.
In the heme-based classical peroxidase/catalase enzyme systems, the activation with peroxide leads to a two electron jump into an oxidized enzyme complex, which could undergo either a 'two-steps single-electron' or a 'single-step two-electrons' pathway, for the enzyme to recycle.
Although the in-scanner task and the picture description task required different input and output systems, the activation in the dACC reflects increased task difficulty regardless of whether the specific language task emphasizes speech comprehension or production.
In many signal transduction systems the activation and deactivation of the respective signalling molecules are spatially separated to establish or maintain spatial anisotropies in presence of diffusion, such as for example in the epidermal growth factor receptor/phosphotyrosine phosphatase 1B and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling systems [ 47, 48].
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This suggests that in this glassy system the activation energies of structural relaxation and low temperature deformation are directly related to the activation energy of the main relaxation process of the glassy state.
To determine whether TLR3 deficiency results in changes in the activation of the adaptive immune system, the activation status of B cells and T cells was monitored by flow cytometry.
Complementary to the SAM-system, the activation of the HPA-axis represents the slower stress response reaction and leads to the secretion of cortisol.
In our culture system the activation of the non-canonical Wnt pathway acts in opposition to canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling.
Using this system, the activation of BMPr-1A is continuous, mimicking the physiological ECM-containing BMP-2 that surrounds the osteoblast precursors, because of the arrest of the BMP-2/BMP receptor complex process.
These results link UV-induced DNA repair systems to the activation of the immune response.
There exist other, more complex regulatory systems involving the activation of a four-step phosphorylation cascade via extra receiver and transmitter domains [4].
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