The anti-Ceta movement in Wallonia and elsewhere was worried about a system of arbitration courts not being independent enough from the pressures of big business.
The ISDS mechanism is a unique privatised system of arbitration, often buried in bilateral investment treaties and multilateral trade agreements (such as Nafta and TTIP).
The first law tries to guarantee contracts for full-time workers, while the second law is intended to streamline the system of arbitration and lawsuits.
The laws, enacted in 2008, were intended to channel worker frustrations through a system of arbitration and courts so no broader protest movements would threaten political stability.
Mr Gallagher said he was "hugely attracted" to the idea of a system of arbitration to resolve legal disputes before they go to court.
Another law enacted in May 2008 helped streamline the system of arbitration and lawsuits, but civil courts and arbitration committees, which are made up of government employees, have been overwhelmed by a flood of cases.
Local and regional newspapers ranging from the Birmingham Post to the Liverpool Echo and the Hackney Gazette could face a "crippling" rush of compensation claims under the system of arbitration for small-scale complaints being proposed as part of the new press watchdog.
This treaty introduced a system of arbitration to settle outstanding disputes between the King and the barons, using Richard as an initial adjudicator, backed up by Louis of France should Richard fail to generate a compromise.
To remedy their industrial weakness, unions in Australasia turned to the state and the law for support, through the installation of systems of compulsory arbitration that would oblige employers to deal with them.
A special system of compulsory arbitration operated through the State Arbitration Tribunal (known as Gosarbitrazh) under the Council of Ministers and through arbitration tribunals responsible to the councils of ministers in each of the republics.
