FOT was applied with a system described elsewhere [ 20].
Fluorescence decay measurements were carried out with a single photon-timing system described elsewhere [ 28].
These data were taken from esophageal tissue using a system described elsewhere [ 1].
IR spectra were acquired with the PerkinElmer Spotlight system described elsewhere in detail [ 4].
IRAS and TPMB measurements were performed in a UHV system described elsewhere (base pressure below 2 × 10 10 mbar).
Fluorescence images were acquired immediately after injection and for up to 20 min following injection using a custom-built NIRF imaging system described elsewhere [ 5, 22].
The desalted and dried fractions were reconstituted into 0.1% formic acid and analyzed on a LTQ-Orbitrap XL (Thermo Fisher Scientific) interfaced with an in-house-constructed nano-LC system, described elsewhere [ 46].
The Ti3AlC2 thin films were deposited from three elemental targets (Ti, Al, and C with diameters of 75, 50, and 75 mm, respectively) using DC magnetron sputtering in an ultrahigh vacuum system described elsewhere.
All animals were assessed at 12 weeks of age, prior to starting any treatment, and at 32 weeks, prior to euthanasia, using a modification of the MacDonald-Shadduck Scoring System described elsewhere (Altmann et al., 2010).
Cathepsin B activity was measured in a similar manner except for the use of the substrate Z-Arg-Arg-NHMec (20 μM; Bachem AG, Bubendorf, Switzerland) and a buffer system described elsewhere [ 46, 47].
