This adapter is specifically designed to allow salbutamol entering the midstream of gas flow and carrying it far down the bronchial tree allowing its binding to the target sites; thus, in our case, salbutamol could have precipitated earlier, leading to partial absorption into the systemic blood stream from the trachea.
In susceptible crops the infection starts in the root and proceeds into the shoot by systemic spread via the transpiration stream in the xylem [ 2, 3].
Thus, a disadvantage of the CAM infection model is that it might not appropriately mimic initial survival in the blood stream after systemic infection.
Candida albicans is normally a commensal of the human microflora, but is also a classic opportunistic pathogen causing mucosal thrush, blood stream and systemic infections, termed candidaemia and invasive candidiasis, respectively.
We tested the feasibility of a novel surgical approach, adopting the engineering concept of an ejector pump, whereby the flow in the BDG is "assisted" by injection of a high-energy flow stream from the systemic circulation.
This phenomenon could enable the toxin to reach the blood stream, causing other systemic alterations.
Firstly, it helps to avoid release of the encapsulated drug upon intravenous administration in the blood stream, hence limiting the systemic side effects of the drug.
To test whether the lung epithelial cell-derived caspase-3-enriched EVs enter the blood stream and thus potentially exert systemic effects, we exposed C57BL/6 mice to hyperoxia (95%).
Once in the blood stream, bacterial antigens can induce a systemic immune response.
In addition, systemic inflammatory responses molecules in the peripheral blood stream were assessed.
