The 54 measures that were disease-specific focused on illnesses related to the following: respiratory (n = 23), systemic states (n = 9), hematologic (n = 7), circulatory and cardiovascular (n = 6), neurologic (n = 4), trauma (n = 2), endocrine, metabolic and nutritional disease (n = 1), fluid and electrolyte disorders (n = 1), and gastrointestinal diseases (n = 1).
Then, excluding Sacheck et al. [ 5] datasets, ageing, unloading and two-months denervation seems to be representative of atrophy stimuli to which muscle react slower than fasting, denervation (from 1 to 14 days) and systemic states.
Human rights organizations continually report systemic state terrorism around the world, including that by several allies of the United States.
The other big question is whether Russian athletes will line up on the athletics track, after being banned for an indefinite period over systemic state-sponsored doping.
Yuliya Stepanova, the Russian athlete who bravely gathered undercover evidence of systemic state sponsored doping, has said she is "certain" there will be athletes competing dirty at the Rio Games and hit out at the International Olympic Committee for, in effect, gagging whistleblowers.
The second part of Dick Pound's independent report, commissioned by the World Anti-Doping Agency following reports of systemic state-sponsored doping in Russia that had been covered up by IAAF officials, is due to be published in mid-January.
The issue has dominated the build-up to the Rio Games in the wake of Professor Richard McLaren's damning Wada-commissioned report into systemic state-sponsored doping across the majority of Olympic sports.
After Pound presents the second report, after the first in November blew the lid on systemic state-sponsored doping in Russia, the French financial prosecutor Eliane Houlette will take the unusual step of delivering an update on an ongoing criminal investigation.
It is set to be the latest round in a bruising debate over the future of the anti-doping movement after the International Olympic Committee ignored Wada's recommendation that Russia be banned from the Rio Games over the systemic state-sponsored doping programme uncovered by Professor Richard McLaren's report.
The IOC was widely criticised for leaving the decision on whether Russian athletes should compete up to the individual sporting federations, despite a report by Prof Richard McLaren of the World Anti-Doping Agency (Wada) that he said proved beyond reasonable doubt that systemic state-sponsored doping had taken place across many sports.
Since being elected in August, Coe has been beset by problems including corruption and cover up claims that go right to the heart of the previous administration, during a period when Coe was a vice-president, and evidence of systemic state-sponsored doping by Russia.
