Patients with inflammatory disease (i.e. inflammatory joint disease, inflammatory bowel disease and HIV infections) have increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, indicating that the events leading to remodelling of the heart may be due to systemic effects driven by the immune system [ 3– 6].
Sepsis is a systemic disorder driven by a dysregulation of the immune system, that clearly displays pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory signatures [ 7].
Since the nervous system is especially sensitive to DNA damage and IGF-1 is a circulating hormone, it is tempting to speculate that the effect is a systemic one driven by DNA damage in the nervous system.
But the unfolding evidence makes clear that this was a systemic problem, driven by Wall Street's insatiable appetite for mortgage-backed securities.
Since forced labor and trafficking reflect systemic problems driven by poverty, it would be unfair to make unscrupulous factory owners the sole scapegoats for Vietnam's economic and social ills.
Conclusions: We have discovered and validated a 4-gene host-immune response signature for differentiating systemic inflammation driven by viral vs. other causes.
Climate change is a systemic problem, driven by some of the wealthiest people in society and the world's largest corporations.
Such is life in Jamtoli, one of the dozens of tent cities that mushroomed into existence to house roughly half a million displaced Rohingya taking refuge in Bangladesh since systemic violence drove them from their homes in Myanmar.
Hence, the tissue-specific circadian program in gene expression, representing up to 10% of the total gene transcripts in a given organ [13], mostly relies on local oscillators rather than systemic cues driven by the SCN.
While we postulate that systemic inflammation drives disease progression, it is entirely possible that disease progression is responsible for systemic inflammation, and a comprehensive prospective longitudinal study would be needed to address this issue.
