Exact(2)
He takes the arguments against talking to terrorists – "we don't negotiate with evil; we defeat it" (Dick Cheney) – head on, systematically refuting the various moral, practical and political arguments, while stipulating that "talking" is not enough.
Gould particularly respects Paley's method of identifying alternative possibilities and then systematically refuting them.
Similar(58)
But as representatives of that enterprise, they risk further damaging its reputation -- and exposing themselves as defenders not of truth but of sociobiological dogma -- by declaring that Tierney's book has been "systematically refuted".
The National Academy of Sciences, the University of Michigan and the University of California, Santa Barbara, have consulted the historians, physicians, epidemiologists, filmmakers and anthropologists with firsthand knowledge of the events in Tierney's book, and they have systematically refuted its accusations.
Experimental economists have gathered overwhelming evidence in recent years, however, that systematically refutes the self-interest hypothesis, suggesting that concerns for altruism, fairness, and reciprocity strongly motivate many people.
Debunking claims made by "An Inconvenient Truth" and presenting alternative strategies, "Cool It" finally blossoms into an engrossing, brain-tickling picture as many of Al Gore's meticulously graphed assertions are systematically — and persuasively — refuted.
Subsequent work sought to systematically confirm or refute the propositions inherent in this framework by narratively synthesising the empirical evidence.
The aims of the current study were therefore: to systematically confirm or refute the impression that direct methods tend to yield higher utility values than indirect methods; to quantify the magnitude of any such differences; and to describe the relation between direct and indirect measures.
A subject's strategy can be strictly inferential (i.e. no redundant tests), in which case it is automatically optimal, subjects could systematically attempt to refute the apparently likeliest hypothesis (Popperian strategy) or, as happens often in reality, they may try to confirm those abnormal findings that support their currently favorite hypothesis.
While he points to them when he discusses the challenges of Academic skepticism, he does not systematically build upon them in refuting skepticism about sense perception, rational knowledge, and knowledge of testimony.
He was refuting.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com