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On the other hand, FT-IR data of the Vulcanian samples are slightly but systematically lower than the hygrometer estimates.
The second virial coefficients of PEOX in water were systematically lower than in ethanol, isopropanol and n-butanol.
"For example, that people tend to do what he called 'eyeballing' — 'I think I can give $50,000 this year' — which tends to be systematically lower than what they actually are able to give".
The levels of product differentiation observed are systematically lower than predicted in equilibrium under risk neutrality and compatible with risk aversion.
Optimized CEC values were systematically lower than clay and organic matter contents indicated, possibly reflecting preferential flow of groundwater through the more permeable but less reactive aquifer parts.
The modelled CO2 output from the entire simulation domain (Fig. 2) shows roughly the same increasing trend of the measurements (Fig. 7a), even if the observed CO2 fluxes are systematically lower than the modelled CO2 output (~70%).
Comparison reveals that HT values are systematically lower than respective HR values as the average offset for all 7 stations is 55 km.
Good agreement between both methods was observed although the levels for free chlorine measured by the optical sensor are systematically lower than the readings obtained from the DPD method.
The settling velocities of tracer particles were systematically lower than the corresponding free-settling velocities, as a result of additional momentum transfer with air bubbles and fluidized bed particles.
The strong correlations between BMI and %BF were systematically lower than those between BMI and BFMI.
The IQ-SPECT volumes were found to be systematically lower than the LEHR volumes.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com