Different pre-treatments like normalization, 1st to 2nd derivative (Savitzky Golay algorithm), and standard normal variate (SNV) were systematically applied on the spectra to reduce systematic variations.
Azimuth-dependent SHG patterns also show systematic variations as the beam size increases.
Systematic variations in the amount of PEG incorporations were carried out to get water soluble oligomers.
Except for CBDO based polyurethane, the other three samples show systematic variations in mechanical properties.
Unleached samples show systematic variations in uranium-series isotopic compositions with depth compared to leached samples.
This shows that the explanatory variables in the model account for 90.5% systematic variations in life expectancy in Nigeria.
Their results showed heterogeneities and clustering of spheres due to stochastic and systematic variations of the blood flow.
With the high-frequency components separated, the low-frequency components can reflect the characteristic of systematic variations more clearly.
Finally, random and systematic variations inevitably occur in a multitude of lithographic process parameters, such as focus and exposure [4].
However, the residuals of the GPS/SM time series are still large and indicate some systematic variations.
Aluminas and alumina/SiC composites with systematic variations in microstructure were subjected to an abrasive wear test.
