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Along with the theoretical work, experimental examples are presented for the identification of calibration, random and systematic inaccuracies.
PSI is robust to infrequent errors, but vulnerable to systematic inaccuracies, though with concepts that occur infrequently rare errors may have greater consequences.
This clearly shows that the simplistic mutation model used in PAML leads to severe and systematic inaccuracies in dN/dS (3rd box plot).
Because the study was not blinded and because the usual care group did not receive any additional SMS intervention, systematic inaccuracies in patient-reported outcomes may have occurred due to recall bias or social desirability.
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We initially suspected that this resulted from systematic inaccuracy in the refGene 5' annotation due to the reverse transcriptase dissociating during cDNA production.
This study has drawn attention to some areas of reasonable accuracy and others of systematic inaccuracy in self-report data describing service utilization over a 12-month period.
Note that in both IBC and SIGACT the reporting of event timing may, in principle, be subject to systematic coding inaccuracies.
However, there is a lack of consensus as to whether using different methods leads to any systematic bias and inaccuracies seem more related to not using a standardised technique rather than the instrument.
Any systematic discrepancy reflects inaccuracy whereas stochastic variation around the mean estimate reflects precision.
Different methods for the quantification of the tissue of interest can introduce systematic and random inaccuracy.
Even for high-resolution MS, spectra show a systematic mass shift due to calibration inaccuracies.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com