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The objective functions to minimize are the motor torque and the fluctuation of the system velocity.
The damping is modelled as a sum of elementary power functions with respect to the system velocity.
In a coherent Lidar system, velocity measurement of a target is achieved by measuring Doppler frequency shift between the echo and local oscillator (LO) signals.
To ensure the vehicle remains in the quasi-stationary flight regime the controller incorporates barrier function on the closed-loop system velocity.
Also, the effects of mass ratio, damping ratio of system components, stiffness of suspension system, velocity and eccentricity of moving oscillator on dynamic responses is parametrically studied.
It is defined as the amount of hysteretic energy demand imposed on a structure over a finite time interval between two zero-crossing of bow system velocity.
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At what was Lehman in Asia, 57% of clients were hedge funds that use the failed broker's high-velocity trading system.
The solution of the momentum equation provides the jump discontinuities in the system velocities and reaction forces.
The result indicates that the LQR controller with approximate system velocities is easier to implement than the LQG controller, and also provides superior performance.
The jump discontinuity in the system velocities as the result of impact is predicted using the generalized impulse momentum equations that involove the restitution conditions.
When the dynamics of any general second order system are cast in a state-space format, the initial choice of the state vector usually comprises one partition representing system displacements and another representing system velocities.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com