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In this study, the definition of system variability is given through the insight of Kingman's approximation.
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System variability was observed in ANOVA by Variance variable behavior.
These variations in the cooking system can be addressed through probabilistic modeling such as described previously (Johnson et al. 2011), where a fuller analysis of this cooking system variability was presented by applying a Monte Carlo approach to a similar single-zone model.
For between-subjects experiments, between-system variability is more of an issue, as it introduces random noise into estimates of group means for response times in different conditions.
These results suggest that the cross-system variability is mainly due to factors common to both Flash and HTML5, rather than specific to each of the program implementations.
For within-subjects experiments, or tacitly within-subjects experiment in which participant performance is compared to a baseline condition (e.g., switch costs, Simon effect magnitude, priming magnitude, Stroop effect), between-system variability is not an issue.
We found that (a) Flash and JavaScript's presentation and response time measurement accuracy are similar; (b) within-system variability is generally small, even in low-powered machines under high load; (c) the variability of measured response times across systems is somewhat larger; and (d) browser type and system hardware appear to have relatively small effects on measured response times.
Due to the ongoing integration of variable renewables in the generation mix, the system's variability is increasing as a result of the limited controllability and predictability of those resources.
A common construction practice to protect production systems from variability is the use of buffers (Bf).
Numerous studies have examined how the system-wide variability is reduced for both wind and solar [14, 15].
Our model is likely to be useful in systems where high variability is a cause of performance degradation and where numerous service interruptions are not desirable.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com