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In the particle-substrate system, the interaction forces can be classified into long-range (e.g., an der Waals, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions) and short-range (metallic, ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonds) forces32,33.
For the GMA/MMA-SAN system the interaction energies obtained by the two approaches agree quite well with each other and with independent information obtained by the critical molecular-weight method.
This paper presents a simulation of a complex regulatory system – the interaction of cumulative travel decisions, alternative regulatory regimes, and landscape values – using a case study of a landscape adjoining Las Cruces, New Mexico.
For multi-level open quantum system, the interaction between different levels could pose challenge to understand the quantum system both analytically and numerically.
In a traditional energy system, the interaction between a natural gas network and an electricity network can be implemented only via gas turbines.
For GaAs system, the interaction energies are φGa-As = 0.75 eV, φGa-Ga = 0.17 eV, and φAs-As = 0.2 eV and k θ = 1.1 eV[15].
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As with any complex system, the interactions can be highly dosedependent (Hegreness et al. 2008; Kohanski et al. 2010; Yeh et al. 2009).
In both systems, the interaction between neighbouring spins along the step is antiferromagnetic.
Innovation is a collective process and depends on systems: the interaction between companies and publicly funded research, education, public infrastructure, venture capital and regional development agencies.
In condensed matter systems, the interaction of electrons with a periodic crystal lattice potential can give rise to low-energy quasiparticles that mimic the relativistic dynamics of Dirac particles in high-energy physics.
For multi-level open quantum systems, the interaction between different levels could pose a challenge to understand the quantum system both analytically and numerically.
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