In both single and multiple toxins systems the efficacy of any planted refuge will be reduced by oviposition bias, especially where pests are polyvoltinous or have overlapping generations and are, therefore, capable of responding to the damage caused by larvae feeding earlier in the season.
The challenges associated with integrating and leveraging diverse stocks of IC from across the healthcare system limit the efficacy and impact of system-level reform efforts that rely on the buy-in and alignment of multiple stakeholder groups.
The results obtained during actual operation of the implemented system verify the efficacy of both the proposed system and the recognition modes.
I treated the stings, of course — each of them an angry, swollen red welt — and cautioned him against ever doing anything so foolish again, lecturing him on the nervous system and the efficacy of pain as a warning signal that something is amiss in the body.
With Eq. (21), the system increases the efficacy of the long-time scale calcium positive feedback, m, if the PF-CF coupling happens (represented by the first term in the large bracket) during the period of IP3 activation (the sigmoid term).
However, previous attempts to detect a correlation between mating system and the efficacy of selection on synonymous codons in A. thaliana and its close relatives were inconclusive.
Mating system influences the efficacy of selection against TEs in at least two other ways: First, the effective population size (N e ) in a selfing species is expected to be half that of an otherwise identical outcrosser [ 31, 32].
Simulation results on three nonlinear systems show the efficacy of the proposed control scheme.
Formidable obstacles inherent in the cell biology and/or the immunology of the target cell systems limited the efficacy of gene therapy for many target diseases.
A few critical challenges of these community-based monitoring systems include the efficacy of high-intensity annual monitoring using permanent sample plots, lack of spatial extrapolation power to address changes beyond the sample plots, such as forest cover loss and degradation, and the reliable quantification of carbon dynamics over the entire study area [14].
