This may be partially avoided by a competing system of valuation known as LIFO (Last In, First Out), in which inventory is valued at the purchase price of the earliest purchases.
When asked how much business is driven by the campaign, Mr. Campbell explained his system of valuation: "We know what our average sale figure is so we multiply the number of coupons by our average sale per customer, and if the total exceeds the cost of the ad and the goldfish, we deem it a success".
A better 'E' in TED would stand for economics, and the need for, yes imagining and designing, different systems of valuation, exchange, accounting of transaction externalities, financing of coordinated planning, etc.
There's something wrong with the premise here too, to do with the fact that incommensurate systems of valuation are being linked here (paid work vs. unpaid; men's pay scale vs women's pay scale), but we're pretending they're commensurate.
By generalizing this idea and also adopting the above understanding of the subject-matter of logic, one naturally arrives at the representation of particular logical systems as a certain kind of valuation systems (see, e.g., Dummett 1981, Dummett 2000, Ryan and Sadler 1992).
Focus on brain mechanisms underlying reinforcement also forms the centerpiece of one of the most active research programs in current neuroscience, so-called neuroeconomics, which weds study of the brain's reward systems with models of valuation and economic decision making (see Montague and Berns 2002; Nestler and Malenka 2004; Ross et al 2008).
In addition, he introduced a system of measurement and valuation of agricultural land and created a large block of crown land within each province.
By implication Pollens has cast doubt on the very system of authentication and valuation that currently prevails in the market, a market worth $50 million per year worldwide by some estimates.
Our anatomical and behavioral results lay the groundwork for understanding the circuit principles for a system of memory-based valuation and action selection.
By employing the idea of generalized truth value functions, one can obtain a hierarchy of valuation systems starting with a certain set-theoretic representation of the valuation system for classical logic.
Generally speaking, the framework of valuation systems not only perfectly suits the conception of logic as the science of truth values, but also turns out to be an effective technical tool for resolving various sophisticated and important problems in modern logic, such as soundness, completeness, independence of axioms, etc.
