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The auditory system of newborn mammals is still developing when a baby mouse – or a baby human – is born.
At levels found in human breast tissue and maternal milk samples, they damage the reproductive system of newborn female rats.
More should be done to develop a comprehensive national system of newborn blood spot collection, storage, and access to address the fullest range of research questions.
Modification of the protocol design of the hearing screening programme was unfeasible because it would have required the analysis of complex technical questions such as available automated hearing tests and their classification algorithms of normal versus unsatisfactory results, organisational matters, cost-effectiveness, and the global system of newborn hearing screening in Belgium.
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The immaturity of the immune system of newborns makes it susceptible to infections by viruses and bacteria.
Changes in maternal metabolism and immunological response may affect the developing immune system of newborns because of the intense interplay between mother and child during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Smoking habit is a strong predictor of greater APAO values [Odds Ratio (OR): 1.80 (CI 95%: 1.05 3.30)]; thus, smoking could already exert a deleterious effect on the cardiovascular system of newborns.
Moreover, the immune system of newborns favors the Th2 adaptive immune response [ 2] that might confront efficient Th1 antiviral immune response in primary RSV infection as shown in higher CCR4+ to CXCR3+ CD4 T cell ratio [ 20].
The precise mechanism of this has not yet been defined but it has been attributed to the immaturity of the immune system of newborns and young children and their inability to mount an effective CTL response against HBV infection[ 5, 6].
Lactoferrin, a cationic iron-binding glycoprotein of 80 kDa belonging to the transferrin family [ 28], is present in milk, tears, saliva, and mucous secretions of most mammals and plays a major role in the immune system of newborns by modulating immune functions.
These differences in viral dynamics may reflect the significant differences in the immune systems of newborn infants and adults.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com