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In English, the most distinctive aspect of the grammatical system of MOOD is the Mood element, which is the locus of interpersonal negotiation in the clause, conveying the progression of the interaction and changing when necessary in the process of negotiation.
The realization of the SPEECH FUNCTION systemic choices in the lexicogrammatical system of MOOD are summarized in Table 3 below.
In BH, the entry point to the system of MOOD TYPE is a free clause, and the principle contrast in the mood system is the distinction between indicative and volitive.
The rest of the clause is referred to as the Residue, and may contain other elements relevant to the system of MOOD – Predicator, Complement and Adjunct – although these are not part of the Mood element itself.
More generally, in English the clausal Theme is strongly tied to the system of MOOD: the choice of Theme (that is, the way it is mapped on to other elements) signals the mood of the clause, as declarative, yes/no interrogative or Wh-interrogative.
Selection in the system of MOOD is not thematised.
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There is "a systematic prehension between the linguistic metafunctions" and the lexicogrammar of language (Hasan 2014: 2) such that for English, the ideational metafunction is primarily realized in choices in the lexicogrammatical system of transitivity, the textual in systems of theme and information, and the interpersonal in systems of mood.
The two key systems which are relevant to the system network of mood TYPE (one for the declarative option, and another for the interrogative option within the system network of mood TYPE) are realized by the one system of tone.
Taking the well-known lexicogrammatical system network of Mood TYPE as an example, a system feature such as indicative would count as more abstract than those it dominates (declarative and interrogative), and indeed a move from one level of delicacy to another immediately preceding it would be seen as a move in abstraction.
Considering the lexicogrammatical potential of language, the most abstract way this potential can be divided up is in three: into the simultaneous systems of transitivity, mood, and theme.
I will briefly review the current state of knowledge of circadian system and mood regulation, highlighting network properties and system dynamics as key mediators of neural plasticity, which underlies the circadian rhythm-mood connection.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com