The complement system is a humoral immune amplification system composed of endogenous plasma proteins.
The opioid system consists of endogenous neuropeptides that produce effects by acting at mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors.
Within this system, expression of endogenous ATG16L1 is suppressed by means of RNAi, and ATG16L1 expression is reconstituted via transfection of an expression plasmid in which the ATG16L1 cDNA contains synonymous mismatches within the RNAi target sequence, preventing efficient RNAi targeting, but maintaining amino acid fidelity.
The aim with the stimulation was to activate both the segmental pain inhibitory system, involving the so-called gate control mechanism [ 32] and the central pain inhibitory system, involving secretion of endogenous opioids [ 33].
The endocannabinoid system is comprised of endogenous cannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors including CB1 receptors located primarily in the brain and peripheral tissue and CB2 receptors in the immune and hematopoetic systems.
We first screened for effective shRNAs in rat-derived PC12 cells (Fig. 7A) and, after choosing two duplexes that produced reliable knockdown in this system, verified depletion of endogenous DISC1 in primary rat striatal neurons with two independent antibodies recognizing distinct portions of the DISC1 protein (Fig. 7B; details of each antibody are provided in Materials and Methods).
The responsiveness of the innate immune system, including expression of endogenous antibiotic peptides like β-defensins, contributes to the final resolution of the disease.
We first addressed and resolved the source of the instability of existing systems in light of endogenous ribosome-inactivating proteins.
Our simplified experimental system allows detailed probing of endogenous pathways with high-resolution time- and dose response- series that strongly constrain our mathematical model, and our quantitative understanding, to the observed biology.
This haemodynamic dysfunction is common in patients with cirrhosis and gives rise to the compensatory stimulation of endogenous vasopressor systems such as the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, the vasopressin system and the sympathetic nervous system.
