Culture contains a "system of cognitions, behaviors, customs, values, rules, and symbols" (Lubart, 1999), which is decisive for what is regarded as creative in a society.
In evolutionary terms, imagery developed hundreds of millions of years before symbolic or language-like systems of cognition.
And science, as a system of knowledge, is "a whole of cognition ordered according to principles", and the principles on which proper science is grounded are a priori (Preface to Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science).
One especially interesting application is based on what have come to be known as dual-system models of cognition, reasoning, decision-making, and behavior.
This approach enabled us to draw more detailed conclusions about the neural systems of higher cognition and the organization of prefrontal cortex than had been possible before fMRI.
In combination, these studies show that trait anxiety facilitates the effect of verbal threat information on all three response systems of fear: cognition, avoidance, and physiological responses.
With statistical analyses of images collected using functional imaging modalities, clinicians and researchers have the capability to spatially localize significant brain activation in the form of functional brain maps that convey information about the neural systems subserving aspects of cognition.
There has also been much recent work applying the perspective of dynamical systems to cognition and action, drawing explicitly on such properties as attractors, bifurcations, SDIC and other denizens of the nonlinear zoo (e.g., van Gelder 1995; Kelso 1995; Port and van Gelder 1995; Juarrero 1999; Tsuda 2001).
Central to this model is the idea that processing particular facial properties (i.e., gaze, identity, expression, etc). is achieved by the combined efforts of the core system, involved in visual analysis, and an "extended system" underlying multiple aspects of cognition.
