The pollen:ovule ratio (P/O) has traditionally been widely used as a rough estimator of breeding system studies.
We have also provided valuable information for understanding the evolution of breeding system and leaf phenotype in aquatic monocots.
Peripheral populations of plant species are more likely to experience a shift of breeding system from self-incompatible (SI) to self-compatible (SC).
The within-population diversity is also likely to be influenced by some life-history traits of the species such as the type of breeding system.
This type of breeding system is, however, expected within the Asclepiadaceae, where automatic self-pollination is rare (Wyatt and Broyles 1994).
The prevailing mating system in a group of breeding individuals thus dynamically derives from the optimal, or at least available, mating strategies of all the involved individuals at a given time [ 4, 5].
We also note that a relatively recent origin for extreme self-fertilization does not preclude a period of more moderate selfing rates in the history of breeding system evolution in the lineage leading to C. elegans.
In filamentous ascomycetes the MAT locus is the key determinant of breeding system and it has been shown that conversions between heterothallism and homothallism can be achieved by manipulating the MAT locus [ 41, 49].
Taxonomic treatments of SOI genera were also examined for statements concerning breeding system characteristics of species and subgenera, as well as statements concerning the uniformity of breeding systems within genera.
In a similar way, Taylor argues, we build systems — of breeding, farming, slaughter, and thought — that diminish animals, then imagine their diminishment to be natural and inevitable.
