If duplication is beneficial, fixation of duplicate will be easy, gene conversion will be strongly favored, and we expect a system of gene duplication and conversion to evolve more easily.
The organellar rps13 genes in rosids provide an intriguing system to study gene duplication because the subcellular location and site of action of numit RPS13 has changed after gene duplication from the chloroplast to the mitochondrion.
Recent work in mosquitoes [ 8, 9] and fruit flies [ 5] has suggested that the immune system may also be unusual in the rate at which new genes are recruited into the system, and existing components of the system turn over by gene duplication or loss.
Comparison of the sequences of numerous assembly line polyketide synthases has already suggested that these multimodular systems arose by multiple gene duplication events.
Our simulation system does not explicitly model gene duplication, and worse, we do not know the true alignment of repeats in the ancestral genomic material, so it is impossible to quantify the accuracy of glocal aligners using our evaluation scheme.
We use 38 metazoan genomes and a comparative genomic application system to integrate inference of gene duplication with expression data from 17,503 human genes into a strictly phylogenetic framework.
Gene divergence often follows gene duplication.
S almo salar, and other species in the salmonid lineage, provide an excellent model system for studying the role of gene duplication(s) and adaptation, as the common salmonid ancestor underwent a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event between 50 and 100 Ma (Ohno 1970; Allendorf and Thorgaard 1984; Alexandrou et al. 2013; Berthelot et al. 2014; Macqueen and Johnston 2014).
In view of these problems, in this study, we used human G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their downstream genes in the pathways ("downstream genes") as the model system to examine the impact of gene duplication on the evolution of genes in different layers of the network.
A few exceptions to this nomenclature system do occur, especially in plants where gene duplication events make it more complex.
