The Gap1 general amino acid permease in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied as a model system for substrate-regulated intracellular trafficking.
The organisms of the genus and class Clostridium, anaerobic Gram-positive Firmicutes, contain broad and flexible systems for substrate utilization [ 1].
Clostridia are anaerobic Gram-positive Firmicutes containing broad and flexible systems for substrate utilization, which have been used successfully to produce a range of industrial compounds.
A variation of the chemical composition of the thin films from almost binary systems (for substrates placed on circular positions at the rim of the coated area) towards thin films with an almost equimolar composition (i.e. obtained for samples coated at the center region of the target) was achieved.
Figure 7 NMPC feedback control system for optimal substrate feed control of biogas plants.
A 14C activity balance of 101.7±8.9% (n=6), after 74 h incubation time and 10 respirometer-opening events, indicated the suitability of the system for monitoring substrate mineralisation.
The identification of VirB/VirD4-transported substrates and the delineation of their secretion signal have paved the way towards understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Bartonella host cell interaction and modulation, as well as the exploitation of this system for engineered substrate delivery into mammalian target cells.
Therefore, in "differentiating NB cells" or "matured neuroblastic cells" as well as in T cells, LAPTM5 may also function in the lysosomal degradation system for specific substrate(s).
For estradiol-17β-glucuronide a fast time-dependent efflux with similar efficiencies from SER and RER but no clear protein-mediated uptake was shown, indicating an asymmetric transport system for this substrate.
The fresh mass composition of the substrate mixtures investigated in four 10-L-CSTR systems ("Methods for substrate pre-treatment and anaerobic digestion") is shown in Table 10.
Based on our findings, we propose metabolic systems for each substrate and molecular models of substrate recognition system in C. cellulovorans.
