David Hemmings is Antonioni's frenetic British photographer in a picture, Bosley Crowther wrote in The Times, with "something real to say about the matter of personal involvement and emotional commitment in a jazzed-up, media-hooked-in world so cluttered with synthetic stimulations that natural feelings are overwhelmed".
To probe the kinetics of cellular responses within a multicellular embryonic tissue to chemical stimulation, we first created a synthetic stimulation-response network using the human glucocorticoid response system expressed within embryonic AC explants (Figure 1A).
Instability over time of the hemoglobin values is a physiological biological event, but is accentuated in HD patients under synthetic drug stimulation of the erythropoiesis [ 1].
This phenomenon suggests that the effect observed following synthetic agonist stimulation does not correspond to a physiological response and reinforces the novelty of our study which documents the effect of natural PAR-2 agonists on skeletal muscle cell proliferation.
Adrenocortical function was assessed by plasma cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels on days 1, 3 and 7 and by the short synthetic ACTH stimulation test performed within 24 h of admission to the ICU.
We recently reported that murine RAW264.7 and human MM6 monocyte/macrophage cell lines responded to synthetic lipid A stimulation in vitro by secreting TNF, IL-6, and CXCL10/IP-10 CXCL10/IP-10 [20]TLR4 dependent fashion [23].
Because post-transfer editing is disabled by the D342A substitution in this variant, these data demonstrate unambiguously that the Y59T substitution in the synthetic site abolishes stimulation of pretransfer editing by tRNAIle.
The cosyntropin (synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH]) stimulation test is performed with a synthetic ACTH in high doses (250 μg) in order to directly stimulate the adrenal glands.
For synthetic or subunit vaccines, stimulation of strong enough immune responses usually requires adjuvants, which can cause local inflammation and complicate the targeting of such phenotypes.
Here we show that immune stimulation by synthetic siRNA can be completely abrogated by selective incorporation of 2′-O-methyl (2′OMe) uridine or guanosine nucleosides into one strand of the siRNA duplex.
If the insulin tolerance test yields an abnormal result, a further test measuring the response of the adrenal glands to synthetic ACTH (the ACTH stimulation test) can be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
