However, as we show in the synthetic circular rupture test, this approach cannot fully eliminate the frequency-dependent artifact when dealing with realistic rupture complexity involving, for instance, multiple simultaneous sources.
We computed synthetic seismograms for about 700 rupture scenarios for a range of earthquakes.
This concern also demonstrates the need to perform more rigorous synthetic tests involving more realistic rupture scenarios and crustal velocity models, which we will address in future work.
Although extensive work has examined the rupture of supported synthetic lipid bilayers, little is known about the applicability of these model systems to living cell membranes with complex lipid compositions, cytoskeletal attachment, and membrane proteins.
The synthetic seismograms of a circular rupture scenario recorded at the USArray (left two columns) and European array (right two columns) are processed by the MUSIC and linear stacking techniques separately at periods of 1~2 s, 2~4 s, 4~8 s and 8~16 s.
In 1 patient, loosening of the lateral screw, fracture of the distal end of the clavicle, and incomplete rupture of the synthetic ligament (Fig. 8) required removal of the ligament and stabilization using coracoacromial ligament transposition according to a modified Weaver Dunn procedure [13].
This solution, minimizing the residuals between the observed and synthetic waveforms, was obtained for the rupture front velocity of 2.5 km/s.
By delaying the N1 waveform, the synthetic waveform has larger amplitude than the simultaneous rupture.
Examples of synthetic tsunami waveform for the simultaneous and delayed rupture are shown in Fig. 5. Synthetic tsunami waveform for the simultaneous rupture is computed by simply summing the waveforms calculated from the N1 to N4 segments.
Earthquake source inversions image the space-time evolution of the rupture by matching key features of synthetic data with observations.
